Ni irihe hame ryumuzunguruko wa moteri yingufu nyinshi MOSFET?

Imbaraga zimwe MOSFET imwe, ikoreshwa ryumuzunguruko utandukanye uzabona ibintu bitandukanye byo guhinduranya. Gukoresha imikorere myiza yumuzunguruko wa disiki birashobora gutuma igikoresho cyo guhindura amashanyarazi gikora muburyo bwiza bwo guhinduranya, mugihe kugabanya igihe cyo guhinduranya, kugabanya igihombo cyo guhinduranya, kwishyiriraho imikorere, kwizerwa numutekano bifite akamaro kanini. Kubwibyo, ibyiza nibibi byumuzunguruko wa disiki bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye kumikorere yumuzingi nyamukuru, gushyira mu gaciro igishushanyo mbonera cyumuzunguruko ni ngombwa. Thyristor ingano ntoya, uburemere bworoshye, gukora neza, kuramba, biroroshye gukoresha, birashobora guhagarika byoroshye gukosora na inverter, kandi ntishobora guhindura imiterere yumuzunguruko hashingiwe ku guhindura ingano yikosora cyangwa inverter igezweho.IGBT nibintu byinshi igikoresho cyaBYINSHIna GTR, ifite ibiranga umuvuduko wo guhinduranya byihuse, ituze ryiza ryumuriro, imbaraga ntoya zo gutwara hamwe n’umuzunguruko woroheje, kandi ifite ibyiza byo kugabanuka kwa voltage ntoya kuri leta, kwihanganira ingufu nyinshi hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi. IGBT nkigikoresho nyamukuru gisohora ingufu, cyane cyane ahantu hafite ingufu nyinshi, cyakoreshejwe mubyiciro bitandukanye.

Inzira nziza yo gutwara ibinyabiziga bifite imbaraga nyinshi zo guhinduranya MOSFET bigomba kuba byujuje ibi bikurikira:

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. Kugirango ugabanye igihe cyo kubika, igikoresho kigomba kuba muburyo bwuzuye mbere yo kuzimya.

. hanyuma wongereho bias bias gukata voltage, kugirango ikusanyirizo rigwa vuba kugirango ugabanye igihe cyo kugwa. Birumvikana ko guhagarika thyristor biracyari ahanini na rezo ya anode ya voltage igabanuka kugirango irangize.

Kugeza ubu, thyristor itwara numubare ugereranije ugereranije unyuze muri transformateur cyangwa optocoupler kwigunga kugirango utandukane amaherezo ya voltage ntoya na voltage ndende, hanyuma unyuze mumuzunguruko kugirango uyobore umuyoboro wa thyristor. Kuri IGBT kugirango ukoreshe ubu moderi nyinshi ya IGBT, ariko kandi ihuza IGBT, sisitemu yo kwikenura, kwisuzumisha hamwe nubundi buryo bukora bwa IPM.

Muriyi mpapuro, kuri thyristor dukoresha, dushushanya ibizamini byo gutwara ibinyabiziga, hanyuma uhagarike ikizamini nyacyo kugirango ugaragaze ko gishobora gutwara thyristor. Kubijyanye na disiki ya IGBT, iyi mpapuro yerekana cyane cyane ubwoko bwibanze bwa disiki ya IGBT, kimwe n’umuzunguruko uhuza, hamwe na disiki ikoreshwa cyane ya optocoupler yo kwigunga kugirango ihagarike igeragezwa ryigana.

2. Kwiga umuzenguruko wa Thyristor muri rusange imikorere ya thyristor ni:

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(2) Thyristor yemera imbere ya voltage ya anode, gusa mugihe irembo ryemera voltage nziza thyristor iri.

. . Duhitamo thyristor ni TYN1025, imbaraga zayo zihanganira ni 600V kugeza 1000V, ikigeza kuri 25A. bisaba amarembo yo gutwara amarembo ni 10V kugeza 20V, ikinyabiziga kigenda ni 4mA kugeza 40mA. no kuyitunganya ni 50mA, moteri ya moteri ni 90mA. haba DSP cyangwa CPLD itera ibimenyetso amplitude igihe cyose 5V. Mbere ya byose, mugihe cyose amplitude ya 5V muri 24V, hanyuma ikanyura muri transformateur ya 2: 1 kugirango ihindure ibimenyetso bya trigger 24V mubimenyetso bya 12V byerekana imbarutso, mugihe urangije imirimo yo kwigunga hejuru no hepfo.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyumuzenguruko no gusesengura

Mbere ya byose, kuzamura umuzenguruko, bitewe na sisitemu yo kwigunga ihinduranya mucyiciro cyinyuma cyaBYINSHIigikoresho gikenera ibimenyetso bya 15V, bityo rero gukenera kubanza kwerekana amplitude 5V imbarutso ya signal ya 15V, binyuze muri signal ya MC14504 5V, ihinduka ikimenyetso cya 15V, hanyuma ikanyura kuri CD4050 kumusaruro wibimenyetso bya 15V byerekana, umuyoboro wa 2 ihujwe na 5V yinjiza, umuyoboro wa 1 uhujwe nibisohoka Umuyoboro wa 2 uhujwe na 5V yinjiza, umuyoboro wa 1 uhujwe nibisohoka bya signal ya 15V.

Igice cya kabiri ni umuzunguruko wihinduranya, umurimo wingenzi wumuzunguruko ni: ikimenyetso cya 15V, gihinduka ikimenyetso cya 12V cyerekana imbarutso yo gukurura inyuma ya transistor ya thristor, no gukora ikimenyetso cya 15V cyerekana intera nintera iri hagati yinyuma icyiciro.

Ihame ryakazi ryumuzunguruko ni: bitewe naBYINSHIImashanyarazi ya IRF640 ya 15V, bityo, mbere ya byose, muri J1 kugera kuri 15V kwaduka ya signal ya kwadarato, binyuze mumurwanya R4 uhuza na 1N4746, kugirango voltage ya trigger ihamye, ariko kandi no gukora voltage ya trigger ntabwo iri hejuru cyane , yatwitse MOSFET, hanyuma kuri MOSFET IRF640 (mubyukuri, iyi ni umuyoboro uhinduranya, kugenzura impera yinyuma yo gufungura no gufunga. Igenzura impera yinyuma yo gufungura no kuzimya), nyuma yo kugenzura inzinguzingo yinshingano yikimenyetso cyo gutwara, kugirango ubashe kugenzura igihe cyo gufungura no kuzimya MOSFET. Iyo MOSFET ifunguye, ihwanye nubutaka bwa D-pole, kuzimya iyo ifunguye, nyuma yumuzunguruko winyuma-uhwanye na 24 V. Kandi transformateur inyuze mumihindagurikire ya voltage kugirango ikore iherezo ryibimenyetso bya 12 V bisohoka . Impera iburyo ya transformateur ihujwe nikiraro gikosora, hanyuma ikimenyetso cya 12V gisohoka kuva umuhuza X1.

Ibibazo byahuye nabyo mugihe cyigerageza

Mbere ya byose, igihe amashanyarazi yafungurwaga, fuse yahise iturika, hanyuma nyuma yo kugenzura umuzunguruko, basanze hari ikibazo kijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera cyambere. Ku ikubitiro, kugirango turusheho kunoza ingaruka ziva mu guhinduranya imiyoboro, itaka rya 24V hamwe na 15V itandukanya ubutaka, bigatuma irembo rya MOSFET G pole rihwanye ninyuma ya S pole rihagarikwa, bikaviramo gukurura ibinyoma. Umuti nuguhuza ubutaka bwa 24V na 15V hamwe, hanyuma ukongera guhagarika igeragezwa, umuzenguruko ukora mubisanzwe. Guhuza umuzenguruko nibisanzwe, ariko mugihe witabiriye ibimenyetso byo gutwara, ubushyuhe bwa MOSFET, wongeyeho ibimenyetso byo gutwara mugihe runaka, fuse irahuha, hanyuma ukongeramo ikimenyetso cyo gutwara, fuse ihita ihita. Reba umuzunguruko wasanze urwego rwohejuru rwinshingano yinzira yikimenyetso cyo gutwara ari kinini cyane, bigatuma MOSFET yo gufungura igihe ari kirekire. Igishushanyo cyu muzunguruko gikora iyo MOSFET ifunguye, 24V yongewemo neza kumpera ya MOSFET, kandi ntiyongeyeho rezistoriste igabanya imipaka, niba ku gihe ari kirekire cyane kugirango ikigezweho ari kinini cyane, ibyangiritse MOSFET, gukenera kugenzura inzinguzingo yinshingano yikimenyetso ntishobora kuba nini cyane, muri 10% kugeza 20% cyangwa irenga.

2.3 Kugenzura ibizunguruka

Kugirango tumenye niba bishoboka ko umuzenguruko wa disiki ishoboka, turayikoresha mu gutwara umuzenguruko wa thyristor uhujwe mukurikirane hamwe, thyristor mukurikirane hamwe hanyuma ikarwanya parallel, kugera kumuzunguruko hamwe na reaction ya inductive, amashanyarazi ni 380V AC voltage isoko.

BYINSHI muri uyu muzunguruko, thyristor Q2, Q8 yerekana ibimenyetso binyuze muri G11 na G12, mugihe Q5, Q11 byerekana ibimenyetso binyuze muri G21, G22. Mbere yuko ikimenyetso cyo gutwara cyakirwa kurwego rwa thyristor, murwego rwo kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga kwa thyristor, irembo rya thyristor rihuzwa na résistor na capacitor. Uyu muzunguruko uhujwe na inductor hanyuma ugashyirwa mumuzingi nyamukuru. Nyuma yo kugenzura inguni ya thyristor kugirango igenzure inductor nini mugihe cyumuzunguruko nyamukuru, umuzenguruko wo hejuru nuwo hepfo wa fonction ya fonction ya fonctionnement ya signal yerekana itandukaniro rya kimwe cya kabiri cyizunguruka, G11 yo hejuru na G12 ni ikimenyetso cyerekana inzira zose unyuze mumashanyarazi ya stade yimbere yimbere ya transformateur yo kwigunga yitandukanije, G21 yo hepfo na G22 nayo itandukanijwe kimwe nikimenyetso. Ibimenyetso bibiri bitera imbarutso ya anti-parallel ya thyristor umuzenguruko mwiza kandi utari mwiza, hejuru yumuyoboro wa 1 uhujwe na voltage yumuzunguruko wa thyristor yose, mumashanyarazi ya thyristor iba 0, naho umuyoboro wa 2, 3 uhujwe numuzunguruko wa thyristor hejuru no hepfo umuhanda utera ibimenyetso, umuyoboro wa 4 upimwa numuyoboro wa thyristor yose.

Umuyoboro 2 wapimye ibimenyetso byiza byerekana imbarutso, bikururwa hejuru ya thyristor, ikigezweho ni cyiza; Umuyoboro 3 wapimye ibimenyetso byerekana imbarutso, bikurura uruziga rwo hasi rwumuyoboro wa thyristor, ikigezweho ni kibi.

3.IGIGT yumuzunguruko wumurongo wa seminari IGBT umuzenguruko ufite ibyifuzo byinshi bidasanzwe, muri make:

(1) gutwara umuvuduko wo kuzamuka no kugwa kwa voltage pulse igomba kuba nini bihagije. igbt fungura, impande zambere zumurongo wamashanyarazi wongeyeho wongeyeho kumarembo G na emitter E hagati y irembo, kugirango ifungurwe vuba kugirango igere kumurongo mugufi mugihe cyo kugabanya igihombo. Muguhagarika IGBT, umuzenguruko wamarembo ugomba gutanga IGBT kumanuka kumanuka ni voltage ihagaritse cyane, no kumarembo ya IGBT G na emitter E hagati yumubyigano ukwiye wa bias, kugirango IGBT ihagarike byihuse, bigabanye igihe cyo guhagarika, kugabanya igihombo.

. Kurenza igihe gito, imbaraga zo gutwara zitangwa numuzunguruko wamarembo zigomba kuba zihagije kugirango IGBT idasohoka mukarere kuzuye kandi yangiritse.

. Guhindura porogaramu ya voltage yumuryango wa IGBT igomba kuba 10V ~ 15V kubyiza.

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. , spike ntabwo yoroshye kuyikuramo, byoroshye gukora ibyangiritse.

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Gutwara imiterere yumuzunguruko

Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryinjizwamo, imiyoboro ya IGBT ya none igenzurwa ahanini na chip ihuriweho. Uburyo bwo kugenzura buracyari ubwoko butatu:

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Hariho uburyo 3 bukurikira

Uburyo bwa pasiporo: ibisohoka bya transformateur ya kabiri bikoreshwa mu gutwara mu buryo butaziguye IGBT, kubera imbogamizi zingana na volt-isegonda, birakoreshwa gusa aho imisoro idahinduka cyane.

Uburyo bukora: transformateur itanga gusa ibimenyetso byihariye, mumashanyarazi ya kabiri ya plastike amplifier umuzenguruko wo gutwara IGBT, disikuru yo gutwara ibintu nibyiza, ariko gukenera gutanga imbaraga zingirakamaro zitandukanye.

Uburyo bwo kwishakamo ibisubizo: impinduramatwara ikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza ingufu zogutwara hamwe na tekinoroji ya modulisiyo nyinshi hamwe na tekinoroji ya demodulation yo kohereza ibimenyetso bya logique, bigabanijwe muburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu hamwe no gukoresha igihe cyo kugabura igihe cyo gutanga, aho modulisiyo -ubwoko bwokwitanga kwikiraro gikosora kugirango gitange amashanyarazi asabwa, modulisiyo yumurongo mwinshi hamwe na tekinoroji ya demodulation kugirango wohereze ibimenyetso byumvikana.

3. Guhuza no gutandukanya thyristor na disiki ya IGBT

Inzira ya Thyristor na IGBT ifite itandukaniro hagati yikigo gisa. Mbere ya byose, imiyoboro ibiri yo gutwara ibinyabiziga isabwa gutandukanya igikoresho cyo guhinduranya hamwe n’umuzunguruko ugenzura hagati yacyo, kugirango wirinde imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi nini igira ingaruka kumuzunguruko. Hanyuma, byombi bikoreshwa mukimenyetso cyo gutwara amarembo kugirango utere igikoresho cyo guhinduranya. Itandukaniro nuko disiki ya thyristor isaba ibimenyetso byubu, mugihe IGBT isaba ikimenyetso cya voltage. Nyuma yo gutwara ibikoresho byo guhinduranya, irembo rya thyristor ryatakaje kugenzura imikoreshereze ya thyristor, niba ushaka guhagarika thyristor, ama tristoriste agomba kongerwaho kuri voltage yinyuma; no guhagarika IGBT gusa bigomba kongerwaho kumarembo ya voltage mbi yo gutwara, kugirango uhagarike IGBT.

4. Umwanzuro

Uru rupapuro rugabanijwemo ibice bibiri byerekana, igice cya mbere cyumuzunguruko wa thyristor cyasabye guhagarika inkuru, igishushanyo cyumuzunguruko uhuye, hamwe nigishushanyo cyumuzingi gikoreshwa kumuzunguruko wa thyristor, ukoresheje kwigana nubushakashatsi kugirango bigaragaze ko bishoboka ko umuzenguruko wa disiki ishoboka, inzira yubushakashatsi yahuye nisesengura ryibibazo byahagaritswe kandi byakemuwe. Igice cya kabiri cyibiganiro nyamukuru kuri IGBT bisabwe n’umuzunguruko wa disiki, kandi hashingiwe kuri ibi kugirango turusheho kumenyekanisha ibizunguruka bikoreshwa cyane muri IGBT, hamwe n’ibanze nyamukuru bya optocoupler kwigunga kugirango uhagarike kwigana no kugerageza, kugirango ugaragaze ko ibishoboka byumuzunguruko.