Incamake ya MOSFET

Imbaraga MOSFET nayo igabanyijemo ubwoko bwihuza nubwoko bw amarembo yiziritse, ariko mubisanzwe byerekeza cyane cyane mubwoko bwamarembo ya MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET), byitwa imbaraga MOSFET (Power MOSFET). Ubwoko bwimikorere yingufu za transistor muri rusange bita transistor ya electrostatike induction (Static Induction Transistor - SIT). Irangwa na voltage yumuryango kugirango igenzure imiyoboro yamazi, umuzunguruko wumurongo uroroshye, bisaba imbaraga nke zo gutwara, umuvuduko wihuse, umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukora, ubushyuhe bwumuriro nibyiza kurenzaGTR, ariko ubushobozi bwubu ni buto, voltage ntoya, mubisanzwe ikoreshwa gusa kububasha butarenze 10kW yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.

 

1. Imbaraga MOSFET imiterere nihame ryimikorere

Ubwoko bwa MOSFET imbaraga: ukurikije umuyoboro uyobora urashobora kugabanywamo P-umuyoboro na N-umuyoboro. Ukurikije irembo voltage amplitude irashobora kugabanywamo; ubwoko bwa depletion; iyo irembo rya voltage ari zeru mugihe imiyoboro-soko ya pole hagati yo kubaho kwumuyoboro uyobora, byongerewe; kubikoresho bya N (P) umuyoboro, voltage yumuryango irenze (munsi ya) zeru mbere yuko habaho umuyoboro uyobora, imbaraga MOSFET ahanini N-umuyoboro wongerewe.

 

1.1 ImbaragaBYINSHIimiterere　　

Imbaraga MOSFET imiterere yimbere nibimenyetso byamashanyarazi; itwara ryayo imwe gusa itwara polarite (polys) igira uruhare mu kuyobora, ni transistor unipolar. Uburyo bwo kuyobora nuburyo bumwe na MOSFET ifite imbaraga nkeya, ariko imiterere ifite itandukaniro rinini, imbaraga nke MOSFET nigikoresho gitwara horizontal, imbaraga MOSFET hafi yimiterere ihagaze neza, izwi kandi nka VMOSFET (Vertical MOSFET) , itezimbere cyane MOSFET igikoresho cya voltage nubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushobozi.

 

Ukurikije itandukaniro ryimiterere ihagaze neza, ariko kandi igabanijwemo ikoreshwa rya V-shusho ya V kugirango igere kuri verticale ya VVMOSFET kandi ifite vertical verticale ikwirakwizwa kabiri-ikwirakwizwa na MOSFET ya VDMOSFET (Vertical Double-diffusedBYINSHI), iyi mpapuro zaganiriweho cyane cyane nkurugero rwibikoresho bya VDMOS.

 

Imbaraga MOSFETs kumiterere myinshi ihuriweho, nka International Rectifier (International Rectifier) ​​HEXFET ukoresheje igice cya mpandeshatu; Siemens (Siemens) SIPMOSFET ukoresheje kare kare; Motorola (Motorola) TMOS ukoresheje igice cyurukiramende ukurikije imiterere ya "Pin".

 

1.2 Imbaraga MOSFET ihame ryimikorere

Gukata: hagati yinkomoko yinkomoko yongeyeho amashanyarazi meza, amarembo-isoko yinkingi hagati ya voltage ni zeru. p shingiro ryakarere na N drift akarere kakozwe hagati ya PN ihuza J1 ihindagurika kubogama, ntagitemba kiriho hagati yinkomoko yinkomoko.

Imyitwarire: Hamwe na voltage nziza UGS ikoreshwa hagati y amarembo-isoko, amarembo arakinguye, kuburyo ntamarembo yinjira. Nyamara, voltage nziza y irembo izasunika umwobo muri P-karere munsi yacyo, kandi ikurura oligons-electron muri P-karere hejuru yubuso bwa P-munsi y irembo mugihe UGS iruta i UT. urwego rudahindagurika, kandi urwego ruhindagurika rugizwe na N-umuyoboro kandi bigatuma PN ihuza J1 ibura, gutemba no kuyobora isoko.

 

1.3 Ibiranga shingiro byimbaraga MOSFETS

1.3.1 Ibiranga Imiterere.

Isano iri hagati yimiyoboro ya drain na voltage UGS hagati y amarembo yiswe ihererekanyabubasha riranga MOSFET, ID nini, isano iri hagati yindangamuntu na UGS irasa nkumurongo, kandi umuyonga wumurongo usobanurwa nka transconductance Gfs .

 

Ibiranga imiyoboro ya volt-ampere (ibiranga ibisohoka) bya MOSFET: akarere kahagaritswe (gahuye n'akarere kaciwe na GTR); akarere kuzuye (gahuye n'akarere ka amplification ya GTR); akarere katuzuye (gahuye n'akarere kuzuye GTR). Imbaraga MOSFET ikorera muburyo bwo guhinduranya, ni ukuvuga, ihinduranya imbere no hagati yakarere kahagaritswe nakarere katuzuye. Imbaraga MOSFET ifite diode ya parasitike hagati yimyanda itwara amazi, kandi igikoresho gikora iyo voltage ihindagurika ikoreshwa hagati yimyanda ituruka. Kurwanya leta kuri power MOSFET ifite coeffisente yubushyuhe bwiza, ikaba ari nziza yo kunganya ikigezweho mugihe ibikoresho bihujwe hamwe.

 

1.3.2 Ibiranga imbaraga;

ibizamini byayo bizunguruka no guhinduranya inzira.

Inzira yo gufungura; gufungura-gutinda igihe td (kuri) - igihe cyigihe hagati yigihe cyo hejuru imbere nigihe uGS = UT na iD itangiye kugaragara; kuzamuka igihe tr- igihe igihe uGS yazamutse ikava kuri uT ikagera kumarembo ya voltage UGSP aho MOSFET yinjira mukarere katuzuye; agaciro ka leta gahoraho iD igenwa numuyoboro wogutanga amazi, UE, hamwe numuyoboro Ubunini bwa UGSP bujyanye nagaciro ka leta ihamye ya iD. UGS imaze kugera muri UGSP, ikomeza kuzamuka munsi yibikorwa bya up kugeza igeze kumurongo uhamye, ariko iD ntabwo ihinduka. Gufungura igihe ton-Sum yo gufungura igihe cyo gutinda nigihe cyo kuzamuka.

 

Kureka gutinda igihe td (kuzimya) -Igihe igihe iD itangiye kugabanuka kugeza kuri zeru kuva igihe cyamanutse kigera kuri zeru, Cin isohoka binyuze mumafaranga na RG, naho uGS igwa muri UGSP ukurikije umurongo ugaragara.

 

Igihe cyo kugwa tf- Igihe cyigihe uhereye igihe uGS ikomeje kugwa kuva UGSP na iD igabanuka kugeza umuyoboro uzimiye kuri uGS <UT na ID igwa kuri zeru. Kuzimya igihe cya toff- Igiteranyo cyo kuzimya igihe cyo gutinda nigihe cyo kugwa.

 

1.3.3 MOSFET yihuta.

Umuvuduko wo guhinduranya MOSFET hamwe no kwishyuza Cin no gusohora bifite umubano ukomeye, uyikoresha ntashobora kugabanya Cin, ariko arashobora kugabanya ibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga imbere kugirango agabanye igihe gihoraho, kugirango yihutishe umuvuduko, MOSFET yishingikiriza gusa kuri politronique, nta ngaruka zo kubika oligotronike, bityo rero inzira yo guhagarika irihuta cyane, igihe cyo guhinduranya 10-100ns, inshuro yo gukora irashobora kugera kuri 100kHz cyangwa irenga, niyo isumba ibikoresho byingenzi bya elegitoroniki.

 

Ibikoresho bigenzurwa numurima bisaba hafi ntakintu cyinjiza kuruhuka. Ariko, mugihe cyo guhinduranya, ubushobozi bwinjiza bugomba kwishyurwa no gusohora, biracyasaba imbaraga zingana zo gutwara. Iyo hejuru yo guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi, niko imbaraga zo gutwara zisabwa.

 

1.4 Iterambere ryimikorere

Usibye porogaramu ikoreshwa kugirango isuzume voltage yumuriro, ikigezweho, inshuro, ariko kandi igomba kumenya neza uburyo bwo kurinda igikoresho, ntigukore igikoresho mugihe gito cyangiritse. Nibyo, thyristor nuruvange rwa transistor ebyiri za bipolar, zifatanije nubushobozi bunini bitewe nubuso bunini, bityo ubushobozi bwa dv / dt bukaba bworoshye. Kuri di / dt ifite kandi ikibazo cyagutse cyakarere kayobora, bityo igashyiraho imbogamizi zikomeye.

Ikibazo cyimbaraga MOSFET iratandukanye rwose. Ubushobozi bwa dv / dt na di / dt bukunze kugereranywa mubushobozi bwa nanosekond (kuruta kuri microsecond). Ariko nubwo bimeze gurtyo, ifite imikorere igarukira. Ibi birashobora kumvikana ukurikije imiterere shingiro yimbaraga MOSFET.

 

Imiterere yimbaraga MOSFET hamwe nu murongo uhwanye nawo. Usibye ubushobozi hafi ya buri gice cyibikoresho, hagomba kurebwa ko MOSFET ifite diode ihujwe. Duhereye ku kintu runaka, hariho na transistor ya parasitike. (Nkuko IGBT nayo ifite parasitike thyristor). Ibi nibintu byingenzi mukwiga imyitwarire yingirakamaro ya MOSFETs.

 

Mbere ya byose diode yimbere yometse kumiterere ya MOSFET ifite ubushobozi bwa avalanche. Ibi mubisanzwe bigaragarira mubijyanye nubushobozi bwa avalanche imwe nubushobozi bwo gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi. Iyo di / dt ihindagurika nini, diode ikorerwa spike yihuta cyane, ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mukarere ka avalanche kandi ishobora kwangiza igikoresho iyo ubushobozi bwa avalanche burenze. Nka hamwe na PN ihuriro iyo ari yo yose, kugenzura ibiranga imbaraga biragoye. Baratandukanye cyane nigitekerezo cyoroshye cyihuza PN ikora mu cyerekezo cyimbere no guhagarika icyerekezo. Iyo ikigezweho kigabanutse vuba, diode itakaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhagarika mugihe runaka kizwi nkigihe cyo gukira. hari kandi igihe cyigihe PN ihuza isabwa gukora byihuse kandi ntigaragaze imbaraga nke cyane. Iyo habaye gutera inshinge imbere muri diode mumashanyarazi MOSFET, abatwara bake batewe inshinge nabo bongeraho ubunini bwa MOSFET nkigikoresho kinini.

 

Ibihe byinzibacyuho bifitanye isano ya hafi numurongo wimiterere, kandi iyi ngingo igomba kwitabwaho bihagije mubisabwa. Ni ngombwa kugira ubumenyi bwimbitse bwibikoresho kugirango byoroherezwe gusobanukirwa no gusesengura ibibazo bijyanye.