Amapaki manini MOSFET Yumushoferi

Mbere ya byose, ubwoko bwa MOSFET nuburyo,BYINSHIni FET (ikindi ni JFET), irashobora gukorwa muburyo bwongerewe cyangwa bugabanuka, P-umuyoboro cyangwa N-umuyoboro wubwoko bune bwose, ariko ikoreshwa ryukuri rya N-umuyoboro wa MOSFET gusa wongerewe imbaraga hamwe na P-umuyoboro wa MOSFETS, bityo mubisanzwe byitwa NMOS cyangwa PMOS bivuga ubu bwoko bubiri. Kuri ubu bwoko bubiri bwongerewe MOSFETs, cyane cyane ikoreshwa ni NMOS, impamvu nuko on-resistance ari nto, kandi byoroshye kuyikora. Kubwibyo, NMOS isanzwe ikoreshwa muguhindura amashanyarazi hamwe na moteri ya moteri.

Mu ntangiriro ikurikira, imanza nyinshi ziganjemo NMOS. ubushobozi bwa parasitike bubaho hagati yimipira itatu ya MOSFET, ikintu kidakenewe ariko kivuka kubera uburyo buke bwo gukora. Kubaho kwa parasitike capacitance bituma bigora gato gushushanya cyangwa guhitamo umushoferi wumuzunguruko. Hariho diode ya parasitike hagati yumuyoboro nisoko. Ibi byitwa diode yumubiri kandi ni ngombwa mugutwara imizigo yindobanure nka moteri. Nukuvugako, diode yumubiri iboneka gusa muri MOSFET kugiti cye kandi mubisanzwe ntabwo iba iri imbere muri chip ya IC.

BYINSHIGuhindura igihombo, cyaba NMOS cyangwa PMOS, nyuma yo gutwarwa na on-resistance ibaho, kugirango umuyaga uzatwara ingufu mururwo rugamba, iki gice cyingufu zikoreshwa cyitwa gutakaza imiyoboro. Guhitamo MOSFETs hamwe na bike birwanya-kurwanya bizagabanya igihombo cyo kurwanya. Muri iki gihe, on-resistance ya MOSFETs ifite imbaraga nkeya muri rusange hafi ya miliohms icumi, kandi na miliohm nkeya nazo ziraboneka.MOSFET ntizigomba kurangizwa mukanya iyo ziri hejuru kandi zirahari.Hari inzira yo kugabanya voltage kuri impera zombi za MOSFET, kandi hariho inzira yo kongera imiyoboro inyuramo. Muri iki gihe, gutakaza MOSFETS nigicuruzwa cya voltage na the ikigezweho, ibyo bita igihombo cyo guhindura. Mubisanzwe igihombo cyo guhinduranya ni kinini cyane kuruta igihombo cyo gutwara, kandi byihuse guhinduranya inshuro, niko igihombo kinini. Ibicuruzwa bya voltage nubu mugihe cyo gutwara ni binini cyane, bivamo igihombo kinini. Kugabanya igihe cyo guhinduranya bigabanya igihombo kuri buri kiyobora; kugabanya guhinduranya inshuro bigabanya umubare woguhindura kumwanya wigihe. Ubu buryo bwombi bugabanya igihombo cyo guhinduranya.

Ugereranije na bipolar transistors, muri rusange abantu bemeza ko ntamashanyarazi asabwa gukora aBYINSHIimyitwarire, igihe cyose GS voltage iri hejuru yagaciro runaka. Ibi biroroshye gukora, ariko, natwe dukeneye umuvuduko. Nkuko mubibona muburyo bwa MOSFET, hariho ubushobozi bwa parasitike hagati ya GS, GD, no gutwara MOSFET, mubyukuri, kwishyuza no gusohora ubushobozi. Kwishyuza capacitor bisaba umuyoboro, kuko kwishyuza capacitori ako kanya birashobora kugaragara nkumuzunguruko mugufi, bityo ako kanya ako kanya kazaba hejuru. Ikintu cya mbere ugomba kumenya muguhitamo / gushushanya umushoferi wa MOSFET nubunini bwumwanya muto-wumuzunguruko ushobora gutangwa.

Ikintu cya kabiri ugomba kumenya ni uko, muri rusange bikoreshwa muri disikuru yo hejuru ya NMOS, voltage ku irembo ku gihe igomba kuba nini kuruta isoko ya voltage. Disiki yohejuru cyane MOSFET kumasoko ya voltage na voltage ya drain (VCC) kimwe, nuko rero voltage yumuryango kuruta VCC 4V cyangwa 10V. niba muri sisitemu imwe, kugirango tubone voltage nini kuruta VCC, dukeneye kuba inzobere mugutezimbere. Abatwara ibinyabiziga benshi bahujije pompe zishyuza, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ugomba guhitamo ubushobozi bukwiye bwo hanze kugirango ubone amashanyarazi ahagije yo gutwara MOSFET. 4V cyangwa 10V ni MOSFET ikoreshwa cyane kuri voltage, igishushanyo birumvikana, ugomba kugira intera runaka. Iyo hejuru ya voltage, niko byihuta kuri leta yihuta kandi bikagabanuka kuri leta. Noneho hari na ntoya kuri leta ya voltage MOSFETs ikoreshwa mubice bitandukanye, ariko muri sisitemu ya elegitoroniki ya 12V yimodoka, muri rusange 4V kuri leta irahagije.MOSFETs igaragara cyane ni uguhindura ibintu byiza, bityo ikoreshwa cyane muri Gukenera imiyoboro ya elegitoronike, nko guhinduranya amashanyarazi na moteri, ariko nanone gucana. Kuyobora bisobanura gukora nka switch, bihwanye no gufunga ibintu. Ibiranga NMOS, Vgs irenze agaciro runaka izakora, ibereye gukoreshwa murubanza iyo isoko yatanzwe (disiki yo hasi), igihe cyose irembo voltage ya 4V cyangwa 10V. Nubwo, nubwo PMOS ishobora gukoreshwa byoroshye nkumushoferi wohejuru, NMOS mubusanzwe ikoreshwa mubashoferi bo murwego rwo hejuru bitewe nini nini-irwanya, igiciro kinini, nubwoko buke bwo gusimbuza.

Noneho MOSFET itwara porogaramu nkeya ya voltage, mugihe ikoreshwa rya 5V itanga amashanyarazi, iki gihe niba ukoresheje imiterere ya totem pole gakondo, kubera transistor iba hafi ya 0.7V yamashanyarazi, bikavamo finale nyayo yongewe kumarembo kumuryango voltage ni 4.3 V. Muri iki gihe, duhitamo amarembo yizina ya voltage ya 4.5V ya MOSFET ku kubaho kwingaruka zimwe. Ikibazo kimwe kibaho mugukoresha 3V cyangwa ibindi bihe bito bitanga amashanyarazi. Umuvuduko wa kabiri ukoreshwa mubice bimwe na bimwe bigenzura aho igice cya logique gikoresha voltage isanzwe ya 5V cyangwa 3.3V kandi igice cyamashanyarazi gikoresha 12V cyangwa kirenga. Umuvuduko wombi uhujwe ukoresheje ubutaka rusange. Ibi birashyiraho icyifuzo cyo gukoresha uruziga rwemerera uruhande rwa voltage nkeya kugenzura neza MOSFET kuruhande rwumuvuduko mwinshi, mugihe MOSFET kuruhande rwumuvuduko mwinshi uzahura nibibazo bimwe byavuzwe muri 1 na 2. Muri ibyo bihe uko ari bitatu, Imiterere ya totem pole ntishobora kuba yujuje ibyasohotse bisabwa, kandi byinshi hanze ya tekinike ya MOSFET yumushoferi IC ntabwo bisa nkaho harimo amarembo ya voltage agabanya imiterere. Iyinjiza voltage ntabwo ari agaciro gahamye, iratandukanye nigihe cyangwa ibindi bintu. Ihindagurika ritera voltage ya drayike yahawe MOSFET numuzunguruko wa PWM idahindagurika. Kugirango MOSFET itekane neza mumashanyarazi maremare, MOSFETs nyinshi zubatswe mumashanyarazi kugirango zigabanye imbaraga za amplitude ya voltage yumuryango.

Muri iki gihe, iyo moteri ya voltage yatanzwe irenze voltage yubuyobozi, bizatera ingufu nini zikoreshwa mugihe kimwe, niba ukoresheje gusa ihame rya voltage igabanya imbaraga kugirango ugabanye voltage yumuryango, hazaba ugereranije imbaraga nyinshi zinjiza, MOSFET ikora neza, mugihe voltage yinjira igabanuka mugihe voltage yumuryango idahagije kugirango itume imiyoboro yuzuye idahagije, bityo kongera ingufu zikoreshwa.

Ugereranije umuzenguruko usanzwe hano gusa kugirango umushoferi wa NMOS azenguruke kugirango akore isesengura ryoroshye: Vl na Vh nibitanga amashanyarazi yo hasi kandi yohejuru, kimwe, voltage zombi zirashobora kuba zimwe, ariko Vl ntigomba kurenza Vh. Q1 na Q2 bigize totem pole ihindagurika, ikoreshwa kugirango igere ku bwigunge, kandi icyarimwe kugirango tumenye neza ko imiyoboro ibiri ya shoferi Q3 na Q4 itazaba ku gihe kimwe. R2 na R3 zitanga amashanyarazi ya PWM, kandi muguhindura iyi nyandiko, urashobora gutuma umuzunguruko ukora neza, kandi voltage yumuryango ntabwo ihagije kugirango itere umuyoboro wuzuye, bityo wongere ingufu zamashanyarazi. R2 na R3 zitanga amashanyarazi ya PWM, muguhindura iyi nyandiko, urashobora kureka uruziga rukora mumashanyarazi ya PWM yerekana neza kandi ihagaze neza. Q. kurenza 0.7V Vce R5 na R6 nibirwanya ibitekerezo byokugera kuri voltage yumuryango, nyuma yo gutoranya voltage, voltage yumuryango ikoreshwa nkurwanya ibitekerezo kuri voltage yumuryango, naho voltage yicyitegererezo ikoreshwa kuri voltage yumuryango. R5 na R6 ni ibitekerezo birwanya ibitekerezo bikoreshwa mugupima voltage yumuryango, hanyuma ikanyuzwa muri Q5 kugirango itange ibitekerezo bibi ku shingiro rya Q1 na Q2, bityo bigabanye voltage yumuryango kugeza ku giciro cyanyuma. Agaciro gashobora guhindurwa na R5 na R6. Hanyuma, R1 itanga imipaka yumurongo wibanze kuri Q3 na Q4, naho R4 itanga imipaka yumuryango winjira kuri MOSFETs, aribwo kugabanya Urubura rwa Q3Q4. Umuvuduko wihuta urashobora guhuzwa ugereranije hejuru ya R4 nibiba ngombwa.                                         

Mugihe utegura ibikoresho byikururwa nibicuruzwa bidafite umugozi, kunoza imikorere yibicuruzwa no kongera igihe cyo gukora bateri nibibazo bibiri abashushanya bakeneye guhura nabyo.Ihinduka rya DC-DC rifite ibyiza byo gukora neza cyane, ibisohoka byinshi hamwe na quiescent iri munsi, bikwiranye cyane no gukoresha ingufu zishobora kwerekanwa ibikoresho.

Guhindura DC-DC bifite ibyiza byo gukora neza, ibisohoka cyane hamwe na quiescent iri munsi, bikwiranye cyane no gukoresha ibikoresho byimuka. Kugeza ubu, inzira nyamukuru mu iterambere rya tekinoroji ya DC-DC ihindura harimo: tekinoroji y’umuvuduko mwinshi: hamwe no kwiyongera kwihinduranya, ingano y’imihindagurikire nayo iragabanuka, ubwinshi bw’ingufu bwiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, kandi bifite imbaraga igisubizo cyatejwe imbere. Ntoya

Imbaraga DC-DC ihinduranya inshuro izamuka kurwego rwa megahertz. Umuvuduko muke wa tekinoroji ya tekinoroji: Hamwe niterambere ryikomeza ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya semiconductor, microprocessor hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byikoresha bikoresha voltage bigenda bigabanuka kandi bigabanuka, ibyo bikaba bisaba ko DC-DC ihindura ishobora gutanga ingufu nkeya kugirango ihuze na microprocessor hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye, ibyo bisaba ejo hazaza DC-DC ihindura irashobora gutanga ingufu nkeya kugirango ihuze na microprocessor.

Birahagije gutanga umusaruro muke kugirango uhuze na microprocessor hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryashyize ahagaragara ibisabwa hejuru mugushushanya amashanyarazi ya chip. Mbere ya byose, hamwe no kwiyongera guhinduranya inshuro, imikorere yibice byo guhinduranya ishyirwa imbere

Ibisabwa cyane kugirango imikorere yimikorere ihindurwe, kandi igomba kuba ifite uburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu byerekeranye no guhinduranya ibintu kugirango tumenye neza ko ikintu cyo guhinduranya mugihe cyo guhinduranya kugeza kuri megahertz urwego rwibikorwa bisanzwe. Icya kabiri, kubikoresho bikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa, ingufu zumuzunguruko ziba nke (mugihe bateri ya lithium, urugero).

Batteri ya Litiyumu, kurugero, voltage ikora ya 2.5 ~ 3.6V), bityo chip itanga amashanyarazi kuri voltage yo hasi.

MOSFET ifite imbaraga nke cyane-zirwanya, gukoresha ingufu nke, muri iki gihe kizwi cyane-DC-DC chip nyinshi cyane MOSFET nkumuyagankuba. Ariko, kubera ubushobozi bunini bwa parasitike ya MOSFETS. Ibi birashyira hejuru cyane mugushushanya guhinduranya imiyoboro yumushoferi kugirango ushushanye imikorere myinshi ya DC-DC ihindura. Hano hari CMOS zitandukanye, BiCMOS yumuzunguruko ukoresheje bootstrap yongerera imbaraga imiterere hamwe nubushoferi nkumuzigo munini wa capacitive imizigo mumashanyarazi make ya ULSI. Iyi miyoboro irashobora gukora neza mugihe ibintu bitarenze 1V itanga amashanyarazi, kandi irashobora gukora mubihe byubushobozi bwimitwaro 1 ~ 2pF inshuro zishobora kugera kuri megabits icumi cyangwa na megahertz amagana. Muriyi mpapuro, bootstrap yo kuzamura umuzunguruko ikoreshwa mugushushanya ubushobozi bunini bwo gutwara ibintu, bikwiranye na voltage nkeya, guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi kuzamura DC-DC ihinduranya umuzenguruko. Umuvuduko muke wa voltage na PWM kugirango utware MOSFETs zohejuru. ntoya ya amplitude ya PWM kugirango itware amarembo maremare ya voltage ya MOSFETs.